Carbureter.



l. V. HENLEY.

CARBURETER.

A APPLICATION ElLED NOV. 28, 19,13*.

...llrullllll J. V. HENLEY.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED Nov.28, 1913.

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J. V. HENLEY cARuRETER.

l. MLPLICATION FILED NOV. 2B. 1313. i 1 m889 y Patented Aug. 1915. 4SHEETS-SHEET 3.

l. V. HENLEY.

CARBURETER.. APPLICATION msn Nov. 2a, 1913.

Patented Aug. 3, 1915" 105 yllllml//l/ Ill w" jg 0 la JOSEPH V. HENLEY,OF ST. LOUS, MISSOURI.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 3, 1915.

Application filed November 28, 191'3. Serial No. 803,479.

' T0 all 'whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOSEPH V. HENLEY, a citizen of the United States,residing at the city of St; Louis, State of Missouri, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvey ments in Carbureters, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in carbureters which areparticularl adapted for use to control the supply ofy fuel and airto'and the mixing of same for internal combustion engines, and has forits object to provide an improved carbureter which is so designed thatit will insurel of the proper mixing of fuel and air and efect theproper proportioning of same for the requirements for all speeds andchanges in temperature and altitude.

Another object of the preesnt invention resides .in the provision of animproved carbureter which is designed so that a highly volatile andquick burning fuel can be used to start the engine and a heavier andslower burning fuel .used to supply the engine after it has beenstarted.

Further, the present invention consists of novel features ofconstruction and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully describedand pointed out in the claims.

ln the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, inwhich like numbers of reference denote like parts wherever they occur,Figure l is a side elevation of a carbureter embodying the present invention; Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional View on the line 2 2, Fig. l, theauxiliary starter being removed; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view onthe line 3 3, Fig. 2,; Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional View on the line 44, Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 5 5, Fig.3; Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 6 6, Fig. 3; Fig. 7is a top plan View of the carbureter; Fig. 8 is a. sectional view, on anenlarged scale, on the line 8 8, Fig. 1; Fig. 9 is a sectional view, onan enlarged scale, on the line 9 9, Fig. 1; Fig. 10 is a perspectiveview, on an enlarged scale, of the fuel supply valve; Fig. 11 is afragmentary perspective View, on an enlarged scale, of the dome of theatomizer; Fig. 12 is a detailed elevation of the float in conjunctionwith the means for flirting the fuei supply4 valve; rig. is is avertical-sectional view on the line- 13 13, Fig. 7 Fig. 14 is asectional view on the line 1f l-14,-Fig. 13;.and Fig. 15 is a sectionalView on the line 15-15, Fig. 13.

The casing or housing 1 is preferably formed with a cylindricalconfiguration, and i has an intake pipe 2 extending outwardly fromoneside thereof and an outlet pipe 3 extending upwardly from the top ofsame,

said outlet pipe bearing a flange 4, which is adapted to be secured tothe manifold (not shown in the drawings).

A wall G, which is preferably cylindrical in shape, extends downwardlyfrom the top of the casing l and surrounds the mixing chamber 7, whichopens at its top into the outlet pipe 3, being of such size in diameteras to leave a space 8 between same and the wall of the casing, intowhich space the inlet pipe 2 opens.` The lower end of the wall 6 of themixing chamber 7 terminates within a short distance of the bottom of thecasing 1 and bears an inwardly-projecting flange 9, which is preferablyAarranged to slope slightly downwardly.

A plurality of spirally-arranged webs 10 connect the flange 9 of thewall 6 and the bottom of the casing 1 and extend outwardly within the.lower part of the space 8 to the cylindrical wall ofsaid casing, beingar ranged in spaced relation to form the walls of channels 11 for thepassage of air fro i the space 8 into the mixing chamber 7 a. d therebyto cause the air to discharge somewhat tangentially and with a whirlingmotion into the lower part of the mixing chamber 7 The intake pipe 2 isadapted to be clamped by means of a bolt 15 and a pair of lugs 13, withwhich it is equipped, around an end of a pipe or tube 16 that may be;

connected with a' suitable receptacle (not shown), which communicateswith the atmosphere and has its interior heated by the.

with afwblookf?. adjustment screw 29,

I Illubly-jsupported in= an opening in the `fixed the positionof- 'samewithv respect to the endfofthearm24, extends through a screwthreadedopening in the block 27 and not only supports the l,latter between theprongs 26,'but, also, affords a means for adjusting massue the mixingchamber 7 to anelevation slightly higher than the iiange 9 and, itslower end extends below the lower end of said hollow member, the innerwall of the domeshaped top being tapered upwardly, as best seen in Fig.3. The lower end of the \atomizer '53 extends through an opening in yrod 21, thereby to effect either an increased tithe bottom of a fuelreceptacle or cup 56 connecting rod 35.

or a. decreased movement of the valve 19.

A member 32, which is revolubly supported on a lateral projection 33borne by the block 27, is provided with a screw-threaded opening for thereception of one end of a The other end of the rod 35 fits in aIscrewthreaded opening in a member 36, which is revclubly supported ona'lateral projection 37 borne by the free 'end' ofan arm 38, said .armbeing secured 'to oneend .of a rod 40, fwhich is revolubly supportediii-'openings in a pair of eppositely-disposed lugs 42 borne by theoutlet pipe 3'of the casingv 1 land extends transl -fverselythrough saidoutlet pipe.

' into the manifold.

1- A butterflyl throttle-valve 43 is secured "pipe, 3 to control thepassage lof the mixture tov the rod40- and is located in the outlet offuel and air from the mixing chamber 7 It willbe observed that one endof the connecting rod bears a right-hand screwn thread' andthe `otherend bears a left-hand screw-thread, so that when said rod is turned thefree ends of the arms 24 and 38 will be moved either closer together orfurther apart, with the result of adjusting the rela tive positions ofthe check-valve 19 and the throttle-valve 43, an angular enlargement 46on the middle portion of the rod 35 af fording a means for-turning .thelatter by hand.-

A lever 47, which is secured to the opposite end of the rod 40, has theusual connection with the throttle lever (not shown in the drawings) sothat the throttle-valve 43 and check-valve' 19 can be controlled fromthe drivers seat.

M adjustable stop-screw 49 which lits in a screw-threaded opening in alug 50 borne by the outlet pipe 3, stands in position to engage a lug 51borne by the' arm 38, so that when the rod 40 is rocked in the directionto movel the throttle-valve 43 toward a closed position said stop-screwwill limit such movement so as 4to prevent complete 4closing of saidthrottle-valve, thereby holding the latter open sufficiently to allowthe en ine to run at low speed.

f1 atomizer 53, which consists of a tube having a dome-shaped top with arelatively s substantiallyy the centerr of the bottom of l small centralopening 54, fits in a hollow member 55 which extends downwardly from themiddle of the bottom of, the casing 1,

lbeing relatively longerthan the member 55,

so that its dome-shaped top extends into iid bears a iange 57, which issoldered or otherwise secured to the bottom of said rewhen the atomizeris turned by rotary movenient of the receptacle to move said lugs 59`lnto registration with said spaces for the purpose of connecting saidatomizer and` receptacle with or detaching same from said casing in anobvious manner.' Each lug 59 has one of its lower corners beveled as at62, Fig. 11, so that after the atcmizer 53 is inserted into the hollowmember 55 in such manner as to Acause the lugs 59 to pass p, through thespaces 61, the turning of the atomizer in the proper direction by aslight rotary movement of the receptacle 56 will cause the beveledcorners 62 oL the lugs 59 to ride upon the lugs 53, thus drawing theatomizer and the receptacle upwardly until `the rim of the receptacleseats in the groove 58 in the casing 1 and the beveled shoulder 63 onthe atomizer engages or nearlypengages the beveled bottoms of the lugs60,` a plurality of stop-pins 64 being secured to the bottom of thecasing l to limit such movement of1 the lugs 59.

A plate 65 extends across the lower end of the atomizer 53 and bearslaterally-proioou jecting lugs 66 adjacent to the ends thereof,

which are secured to the flange57 by suitable means, its width beingpreferably' smaller than the internal diameter of the atomizer so as toleave uncovered spaces 68 adjacent to the sides of said plate for thepassage of air into the atomizer, and there being, also, grooves in thetop of said plate messes m and has a stuffing-box 70 in the lower endthereof, through which the enlarged lower portion 73 ofka relativelysmall tube or jet ir-t extends'. 'lhis tube or jet 7e extends up- .'dlythrough the interior of the hollow member 69 and bears an externallyscrewthreaded enlarged portion 7 5 near the upper end of same, whichfits in an internally screw/threaded portion in the upper end ofsaid'hollow member, its upper end being in axial alinement with andslightly smaller in diameter thanv thevopening 545 in the dome of theatomizer and its enlarged lower end 73 bearing a knurled head 7.6 bymeans of which the tube or jet is turned to adjust the j position of itsupper end with respect to the opening 54 in the dome of said atomizer.The enlarged lower portion 73 of the tube or jet is closed at its lowerend and has an l aperture 77 in its side, through which aperture fuelHows from the interior `of the hollow member 69 into' the interior ofthe tube or jet, the plate 65 containing a passage 7 S, which opens atone end into the interior of the hollow member 69 and extends, also,

, through the flange 57 and the bottom of the receptacle 56 to'allow thefuel to flow from 1 the latter into the interior of said hollow member.

A drain-cock 79, which may be attached to the plate 65, communicateswith the passage 7 8 and affords a means for allowing the fuel to drainout or the receptacle 56, hollow i member 69, and the tube or jet 74,when so desired.

From the foregoing, it' will be evident that, during the suction strokeof each pis-A ton, air is drawn through the intake pipe 2, space 8, andchannels 11 into the mixing chamber 7 and, also, through the spaces 68,atomizer 53, and opening 54- into said mixing chamber, the amount andvelocity of the air that passes through the opening 54 into the mixingchamber being governed by the checkvalve' 19. The Vair passing throughthe atomizer into the'mixing chamber draws the fuel eut of the upper endof the tube or jet 74 and cracks or atomizes same, at the same timethrowing the little particles of the fuel Small opening 54. in the' domeof the atomizer to interrupt the flow of-air through said opening, thefuel in the tube or jet is very sensitive to l the slightest vacuum) vintthe mixing chamber, thereby assuring a mixture of correct proportionsfor the slightest throttle opening or lowest possible speed of theengine, and when the upper end of the tube or jet is adjusted to a lowerposition a greater vacuum is required in the mixing I vmixture for allspeeds and changes in temperature and altitude, thus permitting the useof either a dense or slow burning fuel, such as kerosene or the like, ora more volatile fuel, such as gasolene or the like, and effectingpropel' atomization of the fuel.

In order to adjust the carbureter for starting the engine at low speed,the throttlevalve d3 is moved to nearly a closed position by thethrottle lever at the steering post, then the check-valve 19 is adjustedby turning the connecting-rod in the proper' direction to move thecheck-valve to a more closed position than the throttle-valve, so as toestablish enough vacuum in the mixing chamber to lift the correct amountof fuel from the tube or jet 74 into the mixing chamber to make thecorrect mixture for low' speed. Y

As a variable change in the density of the mixture is required forefficiency between low speed and high speed, or, in other words, fromnearly closed position of the throttle- Valve 43 to the fully openedposition of same, the stroke' arm of the checlevalve 19 is adjusted tothe proper length by means of the adjustment screw 2f) to maintain themovement of the check-valve with respect to the tl'1rottle-valve soastio maintain the proper control of the vacuum in the mixing chamberfor all speeds of the engine. VFor instance, when the tln'ottle-valve 43stands in the proper position for low speed, thc checkevalve 19 closesor nearly closes the intake pipe and thereby subjects the atomizcr tosubstantially the full force of the vacuum, which lifts the properamount of fuel from the tube or jet 7l into the mixing chamber Adirectly in force with the vacuum caused by the suction stroke of vtheengine piston and thereby reducmg the mixture to the leanest formpractical for use. As the fuel is entirelv 'under vacuum control, nomore fuel.

can be lifted into the mixing chamber than the' compensation andadjustment of the Atl'irottle-valve'and check-valve call for, regardlessof their positions; therefore, the` vacuum on the atomizer in obtainingthe proper amount of fuel for the mixture.

A vent-,pipe 80, which preferably extends upwardly through the space 8and openings in the top and bottom of the casingl, communicates at itslower end with the interior of the receptacle 56 and at its upper endwith the atmosphere, so as to maintain the fuel in said receptacleat'atmospheric pressure, its upper end being preferably bent downwardlyto prevent dust and dirt from entering same. A float 81, which surroundsthe dependingihollow member 55 of the casing 1 within the receptacle 56,is slidably mounted on said hollow member and lis adapted to moveupwardly ai d downwardly with the fuel vin said receptafsle, being pro*vided at its upper end with an outwardlyturned flange 82. Said flangeextends bec., een the upper and lower inwardly-turned terminals 83 ofthe prongs of a forked lever 85, which is pivqtally attached at 86 toand between a pair of lugs 87 borne by a member 88, and the latter issecured to the bottom of the casing 1 and bears an upwardlyprojectingportion which lits into and forms a closure for the lower end of avalve-chamber 90, which is preferably located between the outer wall ofthe casing 1 and the wall 6 of themixing chamber', the arrangement beingsuchA that any vertical movement of the float 81 will produce acorresponding movement of the forked end of said lever. The other end ofVthe lever 85 extends beneath the lower end of the stem 91 of the valve92 for the purpose of raising the latter ofi its seat 93 in the enlargedupper portion of an opening 94 in the member 88,

said opening having a passage 95 leadingy therefrom toward the wall ofthe receptacle 5G to allow the fuel to flow from the valvechamber`90into said receptacle. Such flow takes place the Heat 81 descends inconsequence of the fuel falling belowa predetermined level in thereceptacle, the movement of the floatrocking the lever 85, which, inturn, forces the stem 91 upwardly, raising the valve 92 0E its seat 93,the flow of the fuel continuing until the float raises with the fuel insaid receptacle to such extent as to rock the lever 85 in the reversedirection sufiiciently to allow the valve 92 to seat. ln this way thefuel is maintained at substantially a uniform level in the receptacle 56and the tube or jet 711.

The portion of the stem 91 that extends above the valve 92 terminates ashort distance below the top of the valve-chamber 90 and bears a head96, to which the upper end iaeaees of a sleeve 97 is soldered oretherwib secured. The sleeve 97 is adapted to slide vertically with thestem 91 within the valvechamber 90, and forms a compression chamber ofsuitable capacity, which chamber is closed at the top and open at thebottom, be-

ing corrugated longitudinally,- as best seen in Figs. 2, 3, and 10, soas to allow the fuel to pass freely between the walls of thecorrugations and theV inner wall of the valvechamber as well as into theopen bottom of said sleeve. By this arrangement, the fuel which flowsunder usual pressure through the supply pipe 98 into the valve-chamberat a point below the bottom of the sleeve 97 flows upwardly into thebottom of the sleeve and, also, between the walls of the sleeve and thevalve-chamber and thereby compresses the air within the sleeve and,also, the air in the upper end of the valvechamber, maintaining equalpressures above and below the head 96 of the stem 91 so as to allow thevalve 92 to seat under the combined weight of itself, its stem, and thesleeve. l

When it isl desired to use kerosene as the fuel. for running the engine,an auxiliary feed of gasolene is used to start the engine and to runsame until the engine becomes heated suiiiciently to heat the innervwalls of an ordinary jacketed manifold (not shown) in the usual manner,so as. to prevent condensation of the kerosene mixture during itspassage from the mixing chamber to,v the engine cylinders, and, also,until such time as may be required to obtain heated air from theheater'to which the pipe 1t?, is` connected `as hereinabove described.

`v'lfhis starting of the enginewitliglasolepe is accomplished by meansoban-auxiliary starter which consists of ani atomizeigl00, which fits inan' opening inthe wall of the casing 1 and, also, in an openingin thewall 6 of the mixing chamber' 7 and bears a flange 101, which issecured' to the wall of said casing, the inner end of said atomizerprojecting slightly into the mixing chamber 7 and having a relativelysmall central opening 103 through which communication is establishedbetween the atmosphere and the interior of the mixing chamber.

A shutter 10a controls the opening and closing of the opening 103, andis secured 4to the innerend of a rod 105 which is journaled inperforation in transverse walls or partitions 106 of the atomizer 100, alever 107 being scoured. lto the outer end of said rod and having aconnection with suitable means (not shown) for operating same from thedashboard' to open and close-the opening 103. The outer transverse wallor partition 106 has an opening 108 and the inner transverse wall orpartition 106 contains a plurality' of perforations 109 so that, whenthe shutterl 1011 is moved touncov'er the /ope'iing 103, the suctionstroke of each piston of the engine will draw air through the opening108, perforations 109, and opening 103 into the mixing chamber, so as todraw gasolene from the upper end of a tube or jet 110 .into the latter.The upper portion of the jet 110 extends substantially horizontallythrough the opening 108 and, also,

through a perforation 109, so that its end alines with the opening 103at a slight distance from the shutter 101, as depicted in Fig. 13, tomake the gasolene in said jet sensitive to the slightest vacuum in themixing chamber, and the lower portion extends downwardly from saidatomizer and connects at its lower end with a gasolene receptacle or cup111 at a'point adjacent to the bottom of the latter, said receptaclebeing borne'by the flange 101 of said atomizer.

A hollow cap 112, which is preferably cylindrical closes the upper endof the receptacle 111-, and is provided with an outwardly turned flange113, from which an externally screw-threaded flange 114 extendsdownwardly to lit in the upper end of said receptacle, the iiange113having an aperture 115 to maintain atmospheric pressure in saidreceptacle.

A plug 116 closes the lower end of the cap 112 and contains a verticalopening 117v through which the stem `113 of the valve 119 extends, andthe lower part of this opening is enlarged and contains a seat 120,against which said valve seats upwardly, said plug lhaving a pluralityof passages 121 to allow the gasolene to flow from said cap into theenlarged lower portion of said opening. The stem 118 extends upwardlyfrom the valve'119 into the cap 112 and, also, downwardly from saidvalve into the receptacle 111, its lower end being reciprocativelyguided in an opening 122 in the bottom ofi the latter.

A float 123 is reciprocatively mounted on the stem 118 within the'receptacle 111, so that its upward movement will be limited by thevalve 119and its downward movement willv be limited by a collar 124:borne by said stem near the bottom -of the latter, and said fioat isadapted toactuate said valve to open and close the opening 117 in theplug 116 to maintain the gasolene at a substantially uniform level inthe receptacle 111 and jet 110. The upper end of the stem 118 terminatesa short distance below the top of the cap 112- and bears a head 125 towhich the upper end: of a sleeve 126 is soldered or otherwise secured.This sleeve 126 is adapted to slide vertically with the stem 113 withinthe cap 112 and forms a compression chamber which lis closed at thetopjand let open at the bottom, being corrugated longitudinally, asshown in Figs. 13 and 14, so as to allow the gasolene to pass freelybetween the walls of the sleeve and the cap aswell ini-rasee thisarrangement, equal pressure Ais maintained above and below the head`125of the stem 118, the sleeve having such capacity that, as the variablepressures of the fuel in the cap 112 increase or decrease, thecompression 'in the valve sleeve 126, also, increases or decreases, thebuoyancy of which valve sleeve 122 eoualizes the fuel pressure upon thevalve 119, thus permitting the valve to be closed by the buoyancy of thefioat 123, when' the latter rises with the gasolene in the receptacle111, and to be opened by the weight of the float 123, when same descendswith the gasolene in the receptacle 111 sufficiently to rest upon thecollar 124. In this way, the gasolene is maintained at substantially auniform level in said receptacle and in the jet 110.

From the foregoing description, the operation of the carbureter will belargely evident, but may be summarized as follows:

' as into the open bottom of said sleeve. By I In order to sta-rt theengine, the throttlei valve' 43 and the check-valve 19 are moved to lowspeed positions in the manner hereinabove described and the lever 107 isactated to move the shutter 104 away from the opening 103 in the innerend of the gasolene atomizer 100, thereby subjecting the latter to thevacuum in the mixing chamber 7 and,-

at the same time, detracting some of the vacuum from the keroseneatomizer 53, with `the result that, on account of the gasolene -senemixture, whereupon the lever 107 is 4actuated to cause the shutter 104to close the opening 103, thereby cutting off the gasolene atomizer andallowing only atomized kerosene to be drawn into the mixing chamber withwhich to run the engine at various speeds by the proper manipulation ofthe throttle-valve 43 and check-valve 19 as hereinabove described.

It should be understood that, if desired, the auxiliary starter may beomitted entirely and gasolen'e or any other suitable hydrocar-g bon maybe umd for fuel instead of kerosene.

Various changes in the details of construction'and arrangement of partsmay be .made without departing from the nature and spirit' of thepresent invention,

projection I claim:

l. ln a carbureter, the combination With a casing having an air-inlet,an outlet and an opening in its bottom, and containing a central. mixingchamber, Which communicates with the outlet and is open at its bottom toreceiveair from the inlet, of a fuel atomizer 'extending through saidopening into the bottom of the mixing chamber, and means for 4removablyholding said atomizer .in place including an inwardly-projecting luglocated insaid opening, and a lateral borne by saidatomizer foroverlapping engagement with said. lug. A

2. In a4 carbureter, the combination with a casing having an air-inlet,an outlet and an opening in its bottom, and containing a central mixingchamber, which communi; cates with the outlet and is open at its bottomto receive air from the inlet, of a fuel atomizer. extending throughsaid opening into the bottom of the mixing chamber, and means forremovably7 holding said atomizer in place including an inwardlyprojecting lug located in said opening, a lateral projection borne bysaid atomizer for overlapping engagement With said lug, and a stop borneby said lug for engagement with said' projection. t

3. ln a carbureter, the combination with a casing having an air-inlet,an outlet and an opening in its bottom, and containing a central mixingchamber, 'which communifates with the outlet and is open at its bottomto receive air from the inlet, of a fuel atomizer extending through saidopening into the bottom of the mixing chamber, and means for removablyholding said atomizer in place including an inwardly-projecting luglocated in said opening, a lateral projection borne by said atomizer foroverlapi ping engagement with said lug, and a stop borne by said lug forengagement With said projection, one end of said projection beingprovided With a bevel on the lovver side thereof.

' el. In a carbureter, the combination with a casing having an air-inletand an outlet and containing a central mixing chamber, whichcommunicates with the outlet and' is open at its bottom to receive airfrom the inlet, of a fuel atomizer detachably secured to the bottom ofsaid casing and having a domdshaped discharge end which projects museesl j into the bottom of the mixing chamber, a fuel receptacle supportedby said atomizer, and an adjustable jet located in said atomizer andhaving a communication with said receptacle: v

5. In a carbureter, the' combination Withy a casing having an air-inletand an outlet and containing a central 'mixing chamber, whichcommunicates with the outlet and 1sA open at its bottom to receive airfrom the inlet, of a fuel atomizer extending through, the lbottom ofsaid casing into the bottom of the mixing chamber, a fuel receptaclesupported by salu atomizerhaving an openingr in .its bottom, a membersecured to the bottom of said receptacle having a passage whichcommunicates With said opening, Said member bearing a hollow extensionwhich communicates with said passage and projects upwardly into saidatomizer, and a jet adjustably supported in said extension and' having alateral oriice which communicates with the interior of said extension,said 'extension having its Wall spaced from that of said atomizer'forthe passage of air through the latter.

6. In a carbureter,l the combination with a casing having an air-inletand an outlet l and containing acentral mixing chamber whichcommunicates with the outlet and is open at its bottom to receiue airfrom the inlet, of a hollow member depending from aio the bottom of saidcasing, a fuel atomizer' removably supported in said member and having adome-shaped discharge end which projects into the bottom of the mixingchamber, a fuel receptacle supported by 'said atomizer, an adjustablejet located in said atomizer and havin a communication with saidreceptacle, a fuel chamber locatedy in- JOSEPH V. HENLEY.

Witnesses:

NANCY C. THOMAS, WALTER C. GREELs.

